. STEREO - Space-Terrestrial Integrated IoT

Space-Terrestrial Integrated IoT

Pioneering global connectivity by integrating terrestrial IoT with satellite networks for seamless, energy-efficient, low-data-rate communication anywhere on Earth.

Satellite IoT

About STEREO

STEREO Architecture

The STEREO project envisions a future where Internet of Things (IoT) devices are no longer bound to terrestrial infrastructure. By integrating low-power IoT technologies such as LoRaWAN and NB-IoT with Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite gateways, STEREO pioneers a hybrid space-terrestrial network architecture.

This 4-year academic project, led by Inria and supported by a consortium of top academic and industrial partners, breaks new ground in network architectures, protocol design, and real-world validation for Direct-to-Satellite IoT (DtS-IoT) services.

Global Connectivity
Energy-Efficient
Latency-Tolerant
LEO Integration

Key Highlights

Seamless IoT

Unmodified devices can connect to terrestrial gateways or directly to LEO satellites.

Global Impact

Low-data rate applications include environmental monitoring, asset tracking, and remote sensing.

Cutting-Edge Research

Combines simulation, hardware prototyping, and in-orbit protocol validation.

Sustainability

Favors sparse constellations and latency-tolerant protocols to minimize costs and complexity.

Project Work Packages

Each work package tackles a critical layer of the space-terrestrial integrated IoT stack

0

Project Management

Oversees coordination, partner communication, progress tracking, and public outreach.

1

Architecture Definition

Designs the end-to-end system architecture combining LPWAN and Argos technologies.

2

Technology Evaluation

Evaluates physical, link, and network layer performance via simulation.

3

Software Components

Develops key software modules including synchronization and constellation management.

4

Hardware Components

Builds and tests hybrid radio components integrating LoRaWAN and Kinéis protocols.

5

Application Validation

Validates the system via lab testbeds, balloon flights, and in-orbit experiments.

Project Partners

Project Team

The STEREO project brings together a multidisciplinary team of researchers and engineers from leading French academic institutions and industries working on cutting-edge IoT and satellite technologies.

STEREO Project Team

Publications


2025

A wake-up strategy enabling GNSS-free NB-IoT links to sparse LEO satellite constellations

Zheng Zhou, Nicola Accettura, Pascal Berthou. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2025, pp.1-1.

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Enhanced LR-FHSS Receiver for Headerless Frame Recovery in Space-Terrestrial Integrated IoT Networks

Diego Maldonado, Leonardo S Cardoso, Juan A Fraire, Alexandre Guitton, Oana Iova, Megumi Kaneko, Hervé Rivano. Computer Networks, 2025, 257, pp.111018.

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On the role of machine learning in satellite internet of things: A survey of techniques, challenges, and future directions

Alexander Y Choquenaira-Florez, Juan A Fraire, Hannah B Pasandi, Hervé Rivano. Computer Networks, 2025, 259, pp.111063.

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2024

On the Use of Mega Constellation Services in Space: Integrating LEO Platforms into 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks

Gabriel Maiolini Capez, Mauricio A Cáceres, Roberto Armellin, Chris P Bridges, Juan A Fraire, Stefan Frey, Roberto Garello. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2024

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Towards Optimal Placement of Free-Space Optical Terminal on the Spacecraft Body

Juan A Fraire, Joan A Ruiz-De-Azua, Elena Fernandez-Nino. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2024, pp.1-15.

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A Survey on Direct-to-Device Satellite Communications: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects

Hannaneh B Pasandi, Juan A Fraire, Sylvia Ratnasamy, Herve Rivano. LEO-NET '24: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on LEO Networking and Communication, Nov 2024, Washington DC USA, United States. pp.7-12,

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IPN-V: The Interplanetary Network Visualizer

Alice Le Bihan , Juan A Fraire , Pierre Francois , Felix Flentge. 2024 IEEE 10th International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT), Jul 2024, Mountain View, California, United States.

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Distributed Volume Management in Space DTNs: Scoping Schedule-Aware Bundle Routing

Olivier de Jonckere, Juan A Fraire, Scott Burleigh. 2024 IEEE 10th International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT), Jul 2024, Mountain View, California, United States.

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Architectural Framework and Feasibility of Internet of Things-Driven Mars Exploration via Satellite Constellations

Oscar Ledesma, Paula Lamo, Juan A Fraire, María Ruiz, Miguel A Sánchez. Electronics, 2024, 13 (7), pp.1289.

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Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

Oscar Ledesma, Paula Lamo, Juan A Fraire. Electronics, 2024, 13 (3), pp.579.

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2023

Polygon-Based Algorithms for N -Satellite Constellations Coverage Computing

Santiago M Henn, Juan A Fraire, Holger Hermanns. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2023, pp.1-17.

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Quantitative analysis of segmented satellite network architectures: A maritime surveillance case study

Juan A Fraire, Santiago Henn, Gregory Stock, Robin Ohs, Holger Hermanns, Felix Walter, Lynn van Broock, Gabriel Ruffini, Federico Machado, Pablo Serratti, Jose Relloso. Computer Networks, 2024, 255, pp.110874.

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Lightweight synchronization to NB-IoT enabled LEO Satellites through Doppler prediction

Zheng Zhou, Nicola Accettura, Raoul Prévost, Pascal Berthou. The 19th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (IEEE WiMob 2023), Jun 2023, Montreal, Canada.

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Recovering Headerless Frames in LR-FHSS

Juan A Fraire, Alexandre Guitton, Oana Iova. International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks, Sep 2023, Rende, Italy. pp.1-11.

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On the Tractability of Yen's Algorithm and Contact Graph Modeling in Contact Graph Routing

Olivier de Jonckère, Juan A Fraire, Scott Burleigh. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE), Sep 2023, Aveiro, Portugal. pp.80-86.

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Inter-Regional Routing in Interplanetary Networks with Shortcuts and Contact Passageways

Olivier de Jonckère, Juan A Fraire. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE), Sep 2023, Aveiro, Portugal. pp.80-86.

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Continuous Time Emulation for Software-Defined Non-Terrestrial Edge Computing Networks

Camilo Rojas, Juan A Fraire, Fabio Patrone, Alberto Gotta, Mario Marchese. European Wireless 2023; 28th European Wireless Conference, Oct 2023, Rome, Italy.

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Network Size Estimation for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT

Diego Maldonado, Juan A Fraire, Pablo Ilabaca, Hervé Rivano, Sandra Céspedes. 2023 IEEE Cognitive Communications for Aerospace Applications Workshop (CCAAW), Jun 2023, Cleveland, USA. pp.1-6,.

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Foundational Publication

Space-Terrestrial Integrated Internet of Things: Challenges and Opportunities

Juan A Fraire, Oana Iova, Fabrice Valois. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 64-70, December 2022.

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